Let's learn more about the function of each component of GPON

 

 

The GPON standard is defined by the G.984 ITU-T recommendation for PON networks. It includes four main components:

 

Optical Line Terminal

The OLT can be considered the network manager of a gigabit passive optical network. Its role is to transmit and receive optical video, data and voice signals to and from the receiving ONT. The OLT transmits optical downstream signals at 1550 nm for video and 1490 nm for voice and data, and receives optical upstream signals at 1310 nm. This helps to avoid interruptions. GPON OLTs are installed at the service provider's location, usually a data center. Like the GPON ONT, the OLT converts the optical signals it receives into electrical signals. It is connected to an optical splitter via a backbone cable.

 

Fiber Optic Splitter

A fiber optic splitter is a passive component that splits a single fiber optic cable into multiple individual fiber optic strands that can be branched and connected to individual optical network terminals at end user locations. GPON splitters often have a specific split ratio, such as 1:64, 1:32, 1:16, 1:8, or 1:4, depending on the number of outputs required. Such splitters can be used for central splitting, splitting the signal among, say, 64 end users, or for cascaded splitting, where the splitter is connected to other splitters further down the line to create a more branched network.

 

Optical Network Terminal

The user endpoint in GPON is the ONT. h.Optical Network Terminal. This is a specialized modem that converts the optical signal to an electrical signal at the end user's premises. It enables broadband access on devices such as Wi-Fi, TV, and desktops. The ONT sends the aggregated and optimized data from end users back to the OLT.

Although these two terms seem interchangeable

 

Transceiver

The combined strength of indoor and outdoor small cells

 800g

5G operates at frequencies below 2 GHz

 400g

Why is IoT important?

 

 IoT has enabled the physical world to meet the digital world in collaboration. It provides benefits to organizations by allowing them to work and simplify their work. As IoT grows exponentially year on year, businesses are taking advantage of the incredible business benefits it can deliver. Here are some of the most important benefits of IoT:

• Create new business models and revenue streams

• Improve business decisions and insights based on IoT data.

• To increase productivity and efficiency of business operations

• To improve customer experience

Although global IoT spending has been affected by the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, IDC's analysis shows that it will reach a CAGR of 11.3% over the forecast period 2020-2024.

 

What are IoT devices?

IoT devices are hardware devices, such as sensors, appliances, devices and other machines that collect and exchange data over the Internet. They are designed for certain applications that can be connected to other IoT devices. For example, an IoT device in your car can detect oncoming traffic and send an instant message to the person you're about to see about an upcoming delay.

 

How do IoT devices work?

Different IoT devices have different functions, but they all have similarities in terms of how they work. First, IoT devices are physical objects that see what is happening in the physical world. They have integrated processors, network cards, and hardware, and are often connected to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol servers. It also requires an IP address to work on the network.

Many IoT devices are programmed and controlled through software. For example, an app on your smartphone to control the lights in your home. Some tools are also built into the web server, eliminating the need for external applications. For example, the light turns on immediately when you enter the room.

IoT is an umbrella term that refers to billions

 

cisco

What is a Next-Generation Firewall?

 

A next-generation firewall   ngfw  is a network security device that offers capabilities beyond traditional stateful firewalls. While traditional firewalls typically provide stateful inspection of inbound and outbound network traffic, next-generation firewalls include additional capabilities such as application detection and control, integrated attack prevention, and crowd-sourced threat intelligence.

 

What is a Next-Generation Firewall?

Traditional firewalls provide stateful inspection of network traffic. It allows or blocks traffic based on status, ports, and protocols, filtering based on rules set by the administrator.

Next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) can do this and much more. In addition to access control, NGFWs can block modern threats such as advanced malware and application layer attacks. As defined by Gartner, a next-generation firewall should include: Standard firewall capabilities such as stateful inspection

Integrated intrusion prevention

Application awareness and control to detect and block risky apps

Sources of threat intelligence

Upgrade paths to include future intelligence feeds

Techniques to address evolving security threats

 

 

The primary role of a firewall is to prevent security breaches and protect your business. However, because prevention measures are never 100% effective, your firewall must also have the advanced capabilities to quickly detect when advanced malware evades your first line of defense. Invest in a firewall with the following features:

 

What should you look for in a next-generation firewall?

 

Prevention that stops attacks before they get in

Best-in-class integrated next-generation IPS to find and stop hidden threats fast

URL filtering to enforce policies on hundreds of millions of URLs

Built-in sandboxing and advanced malware protection Protection that continuously analyzes file behavior to find and eliminate threats fast

A world-class threat intelligence organization that provides your firewall with up-to-date information to stop new threats.